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  Biology>Nutrition>Components of Food  
      
1. State the important functions and sources of energy-rich nutrients (carbohydrates and fats). (5 marks)
      
2. How will you experimentally establish that groundnuts contain carbohydrates, proteins and fats? (5 marks)
      
3. Write a short note on nutrition. (5 marks)
 
Your Answer:
Nutrition is the process by which organisms obtain energy for growth, maintenance and repair of damaged tissues. We get nutrition from the food we eat.The food we eat should be balanced, it must contain correct proportions of all essential nutrients along with sufficient quantities of water and roughage.Excessive intake of food also leads to diseases such as obesity, hypervitaminosis, etc.
Evaluation:
I have evaluated your answer. You have scored 3 out of 5.
To get maximum marks, your answer should include the following points (you have missed the ones marked in red):
  1. Definition: Nutrition is the process by which organisms obtain energy for growth, maintenance and repair of damaged tissues.
  2. Components of food and its functions: Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, etc.
  3. Balanced diet: Food constituents in correct proportion.
  4. Deficiency-diseases: Kwashiorkor, marasmus, anaemia, goitre, etc.
  5. Excessive intake of foods: Obesity, hypervitaminosis.
Model Answer:
Nutrition is the process by which organisms obtain energy for growth, maintenance and repair of damaged tissues. We get nutrition from the food we eat. Foods have different components.
They are as follows:
  1. Carbohydrate and Fats: give energy to the body, hence called energy-giving foods. E.g. rice, wheat, maize, etc.
  2. Proteins: help in body-building. E.g. meat, fish, egg, pulses, etc.
  3. Vitamins and Minerals: protect the body from diseases, hence they are called protective foods. E.g. eggs, milk, leafy vegetables, fruits, etc.
  4. Roughage: is the indigestible plant cellulose, which helps in retaining water and prevents constipation. E.g. salads, dalia (rough-ground wheat), etc.
  5. Water: regulates the digestion process and also regulates body temperature.
  6. Sugar: All sugars are carbohydrates. E.g., glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch and cellulose.
  7. Fats: are the esters of fatty-acids. They are the richest source of energy. E.g., ghee, butter, mustard oil, ground nut oil.
  8. Proteins: The fundamental units of proteins are called amino acids, which are nitrogen containing compounds. Amino acids are regarded as building blocks of proteins. E.g., meat, fish, egg, etc.
The food we eat should be balanced, that is it must contain correct proportions of all essential nutrients along with sufficient quantities of water and roughage.
Lack of sufficient nutrients in our diet leads to deficiency diseases such as kwashiorkor, marasmus, goitre, anaemia, rickets, etc.
On the other hand, excessive intake of food also leads to diseases such as obesity, hypervitaminosis, etc.